Platen, EckhardRendek, R2024-04-300219-0249http://hdl.handle.net/1885/317157In practice, optimal portfolio construction for large stock markets has never been conclusively resolved because estimating the required means of returns with sufficient accuracy is a highly intractable task. By avoiding estimation, this paper approximates closely the growth optimal portfolio (GP) for the stocks of developed markets with a well-diversified, hierarchically weighted index (HWI). For stocks denominated in units of the HWI, their current value turns out to be strictly greater than their future expected values, which indicates the existence of stock price bubbles that could be systematically exploited for long-term asset management. It is shown that the HWI does not leave much room for significant performance improvements as proxy for the GP.application/pdfen-AU© 2020 The authorsGrowth optimal portfoliohierarchical diversificationstrict supermartingale propertybenchmark approachstock price bubbles202010.1142/S021902492050048X2023-01-08