Guo, YuWang, ZilongLi, YouWei, GuifengYuan, JiaoSun, YuWang, HuanQin, QiuhongZeng, ZhijiangZhang, ShaowuChen, Runsheng2018-08-272018-08-272045-2322http://hdl.handle.net/1885/146647In the last decade, it has been demonstrated that brain functional asymmetry occurs not only in vertebrates but also in invertebrates. However, the mechanisms underlying functional asymmetry remain unclear. In the present study, we trained honeybees of the same parentage and age, on the proboscis extension reflex (PER) paradigm with only one antenna in use. The comparisons of gene expression between the left and right hemispheres were carried out using high throughput sequencing. Our research revealed that gene expression in the honeybee brain is also asymmetric, with more genes having higher expression in the right hemisphere than the left hemisphere. Our studies show that during olfactory learning, the left hemisphere is more responsible for long term memory and the right hemisphere is more responsible for the learning and short term memory.This work was supported by Chinese Academy of Science Strategic Project of Leading Science and Technology (XDA01020402), the National High Technology Research and Development Program (“863” Program) of China (2012AA020402 and 2012AA02A202), the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System (No. CARS‐45‐KXJ12), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31260524) and the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (No. 20123603120005).9 pagesapplication/pdf© The Author(s) 2016. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/animalsbeesbehavior, animalbrainconditioning, classicalfunctional lateralitygene expression profilinghigh-throughput nucleotide sequencinginsect proteinslearningolfactory perceptionsequence analysis, rna2016-10-0510.1038/srep34727