McNaughton, AnneLockie, StewartDaniell, Katherine A.Kay, Adrian2020-02-052020-02-059781760461591http://hdl.handle.net/1885/201345One aspect of governance and regulation that tends to be persistently overlooked is the role of private actors, particularly as standard-setting agencies. Historically, industry bodies have traditionally set standards in specific fields (Schepel 2005: 145). In recent years, however, private standards have taken on significance as regulatory tools. While much has been written about the implications of private standards and standardisation (e.g. Marx et al. 2012; Casey 2009; Henson and Humphrey 2009; Havinga 2006), very little has been written about how standards become such regulatory tools. Unpacking the ‘black box’ of standardisation to see how it works is a neglected field of inquiry. This chapter makes a contribution to redressing this situation. We do so by applying the work of regulatory scholars, Julia Black, John Braithwaite and Ian Ayres, to a transnational, private standard-setting organisation, GLOBALG.A.P. We use Black’s (2001) work on ‘decentred regulation’ and Ayres and Braithwaite’s (1992) work on ‘responsive regulation’ to account for private actors as regulators in a multi-level governance structure.19 pagesapplication/pdfen-AU© 2017 ANU Press201710.22459/MG.11.2017.162019-11-25