Escobar-Anel, MarcosKhemka, GauravLim, William2026-03-222026-03-220346-1238https://hdl.handle.net/1885/733807614This paper develops a novel and flexible life-cycle framework, where borrowing human capital plays an explicit role in modeling and decision-making, explicitly impacting risk-aversion levels, borrowing rates, and inter-temporal discount rates. We find the pre-commitment solution to this new ‘double’ optimization problem in semi-closed form in a region of the control/policy space while developing a numerical procedure to approximate the remaining region using the solvable cases. We carry out numerical case studies revealing two unprecedented conclusions. First, the optimal level of human capital borrowings depends non-trivially on many characteristics of the investor and the market, e.g. range of borrowing cost and risk aversion, subjective discount rate, future income level, and size of their initial endowment. Second, we observe a high level of welfare losses when investors fail to take advantage of their human capital; for instance, investors with high endowment could experience a welfare loss exceeding 70%, while investors with high income could see a 20% welfare loss.26enPublisher Copyright: © 2025 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.borrowing costhuman capital modelinginvestor's life cyclepre-commitment solutionUtility maximizationwelfare loss202510.1080/03461238.2025.2603260105026238034