Sheng, Kuo-ChingHerrero, Lara J.Taylor, AdamHapel, Andrew J.Mahalingam, Suresh2015-11-112015-11-111932-6203http://hdl.handle.net/1885/16463Unraveling the mechanisms of hematopoiesis regulated by multiple cytokines remains a challenge in hematology. IL-3 is an allergic cytokine with the multilineage potential, while CSF-1 is produced in the steady state with restricted lineage coverage. Here, we uncovered an instructive role of CSF-1 in IL-3-mediated hematopoiesis. CSF-1 significantly promoted IL-3-driven CD11c+ cell expansion and dampened basophil and mast cell generation from C57BL/6 bone marrow. Further studies indicated that the CSF-1/CSF-1R axis contributed significantly to IL-3-induced CD11c+ cell generation through enhancing c-Fos-associated monopoiesis. CD11c+ cells induced by IL-3 or IL-3/CSF-1 were competent in cellular maturation and endocytosis. Both IL-3 and IL-3/CSF-1 cells lacked classical dendritic cell appearance and resembled macrophages in morphology. Both populations produced a high level of IL-10, in addition to IL-1, IL-6 and TNFα, in response to LPS, and were relatively poor T cell stimulators. Collectively, these findings reveal a role for CSF-1 in mediating the IL-3 hematopoietic pathway through monopoiesis, which regulates expansion of CD11c+ macrophages.This study was supported by a grant from the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council to SM (Grant ID APP1012292).7 pages© 2014 Sheng et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.animalsantigens, cd11cinterleukin-1interleukin-10interleukin-3interleukin-6macrophage colony-stimulating factormacrophagesmicemice, inbred balb cmyelopoiesistumor necrosis factor-alpha2014-04-1710.1371/journal.pone.00952082015-12-10