Ahrens, PetraPalmieri, Sonia2025-05-312025-05-31ORCID:/0000-0001-9925-4745/work/172979993http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85203141722&partnerID=8YFLogxKhttps://hdl.handle.net/1885/733755877Gender equality reforms implemented across various parliaments around the world have diversified. Introducing the thematic issue Gender Equality Reforms in Parliaments, we trace the context of making parliamentary institutions more gender‐sensitive. We highlight both international organizations’ top‐down efforts and grassroots movements’ bottom‐up approaches and emphasize the complexities of descriptive, substantive, and symbolic representation. We argue that next to the broader setting, feminist institutionalism provided a critical lens to examine these relationships while acknowledging the need for gender‐sensitive parliaments that prioritize gender equality. We illuminate contributions from both the Global South and North and pay particular attention to “extraordinary cases” as well as methodological, theoretical, and conceptual innovations, highlighting the challenges and opportunities in institutionalizing gender equality in diverse political contexts.We would like to thank all our workshop participants at the hybrid workshop Gender and Parliament at Tampere University, Finland, and Emilia Plichta for supporting its organization. Petra Ahrens' work was supported by the Academy of Finland, grant number 338556.9enPublisher Copyright: © 2024 by the author(s).critical actorsgender equalitygender‐sensitive parliamentsgovernmentsparliamentspolicy reformpolitical partiespolitical representationprocedural reform2024-08-2710.17645/pag.895485203141722