Selgelid, Michael2015-12-070042-9686http://hdl.handle.net/1885/20627Scenarios where the results of well-intentioned scientific research can be used for both good and harmful purposes give rise to what is now widely known as the "dual-use dilemma". There has been growing debate about the dual-use nature of life science research with implications for making biological weapons. This paper reviews several controversial publications that have been the focus of debates about dual-use life science research and critically examines relevant policy developments, particularly in the United States of America. Though the dual-use dilemma is inherently ethical in nature, the majority of debates about dual-use research have primarily involved science and security experts rather than ethicists. It is important that there is more ethical input into debates about the governance of dual-use research.Keywords: biological weapon; ethics; ethnicity; governance approach; life science; literature review; national security; policy development; research work; biological warfare; biomedicine; health care policy; human; medical ethics; medical research; publication; re200910.2471/BLT.08.0513832016-02-24