Gogoi, NeelamSusila, HendryLeach, JoanMüllner, MarkusJones, BrianPogson, Barry J.2025-05-312025-05-311360-1385http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85207576878&partnerID=8YFLogxKhttps://hdl.handle.net/1885/733755824The bottlenecks of conventional plant genome-editing methods gave an innovative rise to nanotechnology as a delivery tool to manipulate gene(s) of interest. Studies suggest a strong correlation between the physicochemical properties of nanomaterials and their efficiency in gene delivery to different plant species/tissues. In this opinion article we highlight the need for a deeper understanding of plant–nanomaterial interactions to align their full capabilities with the strategic goals of plant genome-editing. Additionally, we emphasize DNA-free plant genome-editing approaches to potentially mitigate concerns surrounding genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Lastly, we propose a strategic integration of the principles of responsible research and innovation (RRI) in R&D. We aim to initiate a dialogue on developing collaborative and socio-technical frameworks for nanotechnology and DNA-free plant genome-editing.enPublisher Copyright: © 2024CRISPR/CasDNA-freenanotechnologyRRI202410.1016/j.tplants.2024.09.01485207576878