Hashimoto, TatsuakiKubota, TakashiKawaguchi, Jun'ichiroUo, MasashiShirakawa, KenichiKominato, TakashiMorita, Hideo2025-12-182025-12-1897839026619681474-6670ORCID:/0000-0001-8196-5194/work/163624166https://hdl.handle.net/1885/733796640Hayabusa spacecraft performed approaching to and landing on the asteroid Itokawa from September to November in 2005 with sophisticated vision-based navigation and guidance. The spacecraft had some autonomous functions of station-keeping, descending, touching down and sampling. Since two of three reaction wheels for attitude control had malfunctions and the autonomous guidance did not work as designed, however, a ground-based landmark optical navigation system was developed. This paper presents the navigation, guidance and control system of Hayabusa spacecraft with some flight results.6enAsteroidAutonomous controlImage processingItokawaMUSES-COptical landmark navigationTeleoperation201010.3182/20100906-5-jp-2022.0004584877804710