Lawrence , Jonathan SimonAshley, MichaelBailey, JBarrado y Navascues, DBedding, Timothy RussellBland-Hawthorn, JossBond, IBoulanger, FBouwens, RBruntt, HBunker, AndrewSchmidt, Brian2015-12-081323-3580http://hdl.handle.net/1885/31316PILOT (the Pathfinder for an International Large Optical Telescope) is a proposed 2.5-m optical/ infrared telescope to be located at Dome C on the Antarctic plateau. Conditions at Dome C are known to be exceptional for astronomy. The seeing (above ∼30 mThe PILOT Science Case, presented here, was produced as part of the PILOT conceptual design study, funded through the Australian Department of Education, Science, and Training through the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy (NCRIS) scheme, and the University of New South Wales through the UNSW PILOT Science Office. The European contribution has been supported by the ARENA network of the European Commission FP6 under contract RICA26150.19 pages© Astronomical Society of Australia 2009. https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-file-manager/file/5af9823c49de668e0606050e/1386_Cambridge% 20Open_Author%20FAQs.pdf This article has been published in a revised form in Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia.This version is free to view and download for private research and study only. Not for redistribution, re-sale or use in derivative works. © Astronomical Society of Australia 2009 (Publisher journal website as of 23/10/2018)Keywords: Cosmology; Early universe; Formation; High angular resolution; Instrumentation; Observations; Site testing; Stars; Telescopes200910.1071/AS080482016-02-24