Petersen, Charlotte F.Evans, Denis J.Williams, Stephen R.2015-10-302015-10-300021-9606http://hdl.handle.net/1885/16172We give a derivation of a new instantaneous fluctuation relation for an arbitrary phase function which is odd under time reversal. The form of this new relation is not obvious, and involves observing the system along its transient phase space trajectory both before and after the point in time at which the fluctuations are being compared. We demonstrate this relation computationally for a number of phase functions in a shear flow system and show that this non-locality in time is an essential component of the instantaneous fluctuation theorem.http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/issn/0021-9606..."Publishers version/PDF may be used on author's personal website, institutional website or institutional repository" from SHERPA/RoMEO site (as at 30/10/15). Copyright 2013 American Institute of Physics. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the American Institute of Physics. The following article appeared in The Journal of Chemical Physics and may be found at https://doi.org/10.1063/1.48294452013-11-1110.1063/1.48294452015-12-10