MacWilliam, Scott2018-09-212018-09-211328-7854http://hdl.handle.net/1885/147783This paper demonstrates the international trend from the 19th century for smallholders to become predominant in the production of many agricultural commodities central to the global expansion of capitalism. Explaining how that dominance arose and its continuing main characteristics is the central objective of this Discussion Paper.AusAID18 pagesapplication/pdfen-AUAuthor/s retain copyrightThe permission to archive the paper was granted via email, archived in ERMS2253682Coffee in the Highlands of Papua New Guinea: The Early Years?201810.25911/5f200057b8b6b