Gammage, William2015-12-100142-6397http://hdl.handle.net/1885/39817Almost all researchers now accept that Australia's Aborigines were managing their country with the broad-scale use of fire when Europeans arrived. In respect to Tasmania, this article goes further, arguing that fire was not merely broad-scale, but applied variably and precisely, to make, then connect, a complex range of useful ecosystems. The article also argues that Aboriginal land management must be seen in cultural as well as ecological terms.Keywords: cultural tradition; ecosystem management; indigenous population; land management; Australasia; Australia; Tasmania Aborigines; Environment; Land management at contact; Tasmania200810.1080/014263907017672782015-12-09