Qian, WeiGlass, KathrynHarley, DavidViennet, ElvinaHurst, Cameron2026-01-022026-01-02ORCID:/0000-0001-5905-1310/work/192798358https://hdl.handle.net/1885/733802460Ross River virus (RRV) transmission cycle varies across Queensland, Australia. Identifying key exposures associated with regional RRV incidence can aid disease prevention and control. Using RRV notification data from 2001 to 2020, we developed negative binomial generalized linear models to predict RRV incidence across three Queensland regions categorized by thermal climate zones (Hot, Warm, and Dry). Predictors and RRV trends differed across regions, indicating unique transmission patterns: seasonally driven in the Hot region, outbreak driven in the Warm region, and a mixed transmission pattern in the Dry region. The important predictors included recent RRV cases, normalized difference vegetation index (vegetation cover density), accessibility/remoteness index of Australia scores (indicating remoteness), and land use proportions. These findings enhance the understanding of local RRV transmission dynamics, highlight primary environmental drivers of transmission, and inform targeted disease management strategies. This approach may also benefit studies on other vector-borne diseases with complex transmission cycles in varying environments and climates.We are grateful to Mayet Jayloni, the senior data manager for the Epidemiology and Research Unit, Communicable Diseases Branch, Prevention Division, Queensland Department of Health, who supported us greatly in obtaining Ross River virus notification data. We appreciate the great advice from Dr. Amanda Murphy at QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute and Dr. Eloise Skinner at Stanford University. We are grateful to Patricia Dale, Emeritus Professor at Griffith University; Michelle Gatton, Professor at the Faculty of Health, School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology; and A/Professor Paul Dawson, Honorary Associate Professor at the Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, for their professional comments and suggestions. Australian Governments fund Australian Red Cross Lifeblood for the provision of blood, blood products, and services to the Australian community. This work was supported by the University of Queensland Research Training Scholarship and Frank Clair Scholarship . The funders had no role in the design, execution, interpretation, or writing of the study.14en© 2025 The Author(s)Public healthVirology2025-08-2610.1016/j.isci.2025.113446105016110861