Louys, JulienPrice, Gilbert2015-12-072015-12-0705677920http://hdl.handle.net/1885/17055The Chinchilla Sand is a formally defined stratigraphic sequence of Pliocene fluviatile deposits that comprise interbedded clays, sands, and conglomerates located in the western Darling Downs, south-east Queensland, Australia. Vertebrate fossils from the deposits are referred to as the Chinchilla Local Fauna. Despite over a century and a half of collection and study, uncertainties concerning the taxa in the Chinchilla Local Fauna continue, largely from the absence of stratigraphically controlled excavations, lost or destroyed specimens, and poorly documented provenance data. Here we present a detailed and updated study of the vertebrate fauna from this site. The Pliocene vertebrate assemblage is represented by at least 63 taxa in 31 families. The Chinchilla Local Fauna is Australia’s largest, richest and best preserved Pliocene vertebrate locality, and is eminently suited for palaeoecological and palaeoenvironmental investigations of the late Pliocene.GJP acknowledges the support of an ARC Discovery Early Career Researcher Award (DE120101533). JL was supported by a UQ Postdoctoral Fellowship and a UQ Early Career Research Grant (2012003222).Copyright © 2013 J. Louys and G.J. Price. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.mammaliamarsupialiavertebrate faunaPlioceneDarling Downssoutheast QueenslandAustralia201310.4202/app.00042.20132015-12-09