Holloway, AdeleRao, SudhaChen, XinShannon, M Frances2015-12-130022-1007http://hdl.handle.net/1885/92330Granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a key cytokine in myelopoiesis and aberrant expression is associated with chronic inflammatory disease and myeloid leukemias. This aberrant expression is often associated with constitutive nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation. To investigate the relationship between NF-κB and GM-CSF transcription in a chromatin context, we analyzed the chromatin structure of the GM-CSF gene in T cells and the role of NF-κB proteins in chromatin remodeling. We show here that chromatin remodeling occurs across a region of the GM-CSF gene between -174 and +24 upon T cell activation, suggesting that remodeling is limited to a single nucleosome encompassing the proximal promoter. Nuclear NF-κB levels appear to play a critical role in this process. In addition, using an immobilized template assay we found that the ATPase component of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, brg1, is recruited to the GM-CSF proximal promoter in an NF-κB-dependent manner in vitro. These results suggest that chromatin remodeling across the GM-CSF promoter in T cells is a result of recruitment of SWI/SNF type remodeling complexes by NF-κB proteins binding to the CD28 response region of the promoter.Keywords: adenosine triphosphatase; CD28 antigen; granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor; immunoglobulin enhancer binding protein; transcription factor; transcription factor Brg1; unclassified drug; animal cell; article; cell level; chromatin structure; c Brg1; Chromatin remodeling; Cytokine; Re1A; Transcription200310.1084/jem.200210392015-12-12