Johns, Leannevan der Eng, Pierre2015-12-070007-6791http://hdl.handle.net/1885/28346This article uses social network analysis to examine accounting records in order to establish and analyse business relationships. It applies this methodology to accounting transactions recorded at Australia's first bank, the Bank of New South Wales (BNSW) in order to establish whether a business network existed among ex-convict businesspeople in Sydney during 1817-24. Uncertainty regarding distance from suppliers and credit facilities, lack of markets and business connections plus the social stigma of 'convictism' meant that it was difficult but not impossible for ex-convicts to establish businesses. The network among BNSW shareholders and depositors served the purpose of pooling of resources and information and alleviating uncertainty.Keywords: banking; business development; market system; nineteenth century; social network; Australia; New South Wales; Sydney [New South Wales] Accounting records; Australia; Business networks; Colonial banks; References; Social network analysis201010.1080/00076791.2010.4994282016-02-24