Grafton, R. QuentinRowlands, Dane2026-01-012026-01-010225-5189ORCID:/0000-0002-0048-9083/work/162952946https://hdl.handle.net/1885/733800563The paper develops the concepts of development impeding institutions and exclusive development, and examines their interrelationship. Haiti is used as a case study to illustrate how the two can interact to form a "trap" in which exploitive institutions and severe inequities become mutually reinforcing. The implications of this institutional approach provide a strong justification for development policies which target institutional reform and empoiverment jointly.18en19960005843509