Grun, RainerMaroto, JEggins, StephenStringer, ChrisRobertson, SteveTaylor, LoisMortimer, GrahamMcCulloch, Malcolm2015-12-070047-2484http://hdl.handle.net/1885/28251The Banyoles mandible presents a puzzle. Its anatomy has been described as pre-Neandertal, but the travertine in which it was found has been dated to 45,000 ± 4000 years. By this time, any pre-Neandertals had supposedly been absent from the European fossKeywords: uranium; bone; enamel; hominid; age determination; animal; article; chemistry; dentin; electron spin resonance; enamel; fossil; histology; history; hominid; human; mandible; methodology; paleontology; physical anthropology; Spain; Age Determination by Tee In situ U-series analysis; Laser ablation; Neandertals; Non-destructive ESR analysisEsr and U-series analyses of enamel and dentine fragments of the Banyoles mandible200610.1016/j.jhevol.2005.10.0012015-12-07