Altman, JonHunter, BoydBiddle, Nicholas2015-12-100004-8992http://hdl.handle.net/1885/51275Practical reconciliation' and more recently 'closing the gap' have been put forward as frameworks on which to base and evaluate policies to address Indigenous disadvantage. This paper analyses national-level census-based data to examine trends in Indigenous wellbeing since 1971. There has been steady improvement in most socioeconomic outcomes in the last 35 years; a finding at odds with the current discourse of failure. Evidence of convergence between Indigenous and non-Indigenous outcomes, however, is not consistent. For some outcomes, relatively rapid convergence is predicted (within 25 years), but for the majority of outcomes, convergence is unlikely to occur within a generation, if at all.Keywords: Aborigines; Australia; Closing the gap; Long-run social and economic change; Torres Strait islanders200910.1111/j.1467-8446.2009.00264.x2016-02-24