Nasim, ZeeshanFahim, MuhammadGawarecka, KatarzynaSusila, HendryJin, SuhyunYoun, GeumminAhn, Ji Hoon2026-07-032026-07-031661-6596PubMed:33121126ORCID:/0000-0002-4621-064X/work/219175981https://hdl.handle.net/1885/733812465Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) removes aberrant transcripts to avoid the accumulation of truncated proteins. NMD regulates nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat (NLR) genes to prevent autoimmunity; however, the function of a large number of NLRs still remains poorly understood. Here, we show that three NLR genes (AT1G72910, AT1G72940, and ADR1-LIKE 2) are important for NMD-mediated regulation of defense signaling at lower temperatures. At 16°C, the NMD-compromised up-frameshift protein1 (upf1) upf3 mutants showed growth arrest that can be rescued by the artificial miRNA-mediated knockdown of the three NLR genes. mRNA levels of these NLRs are induced by Pseudomonas syringae inoculation and exogenous SA treatment. Mutations in AT1G72910, AT1G72940, and ADR1-LIKE 2 genes resulted in increased susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae, whereas their overexpression resulted in severely stunted growth, which was dependent on basal disease resistance genes. The NMD-deficient upf1 upf3 mutants accumulated higher levels of NMD signature-containing transcripts from these NLR genes at 16°C. Furthermore, mRNA degradation kinetics showed that these NMD signature-containing transcripts were more stable in upf1 upf3 mutants. Based on these findings, we propose that AT1G72910, AT1G72940, and ADR1-LIKE 2 are directly regulated by NMD in a temperature-dependent manner and play an important role in modulating plant immunity at lower temperatures.Funding: This work was supported by a National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea grant funded by the Korean government (NRF-2017R1A2B3009624 to JHA) and Samsung Science and Technology Foundation under Project Number SSTF-BA1602-12.17enPublisher Copyright: © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.ArabidopsisImmunityNLRsNMDSalicylic acidTemperature2020-11-0110.3390/ijms2121798685094948650