Dunn, G.Bos, J. J.Brown, R. R.2025-06-112025-06-111462-9011http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85041501747&partnerID=8YFLogxKhttps://hdl.handle.net/1885/733759018This paper empirically examines through a single case study three theoretical models of science-policy interactions identified in the literature: science-push, policy-pull and co-production. Although the literature is clear that reliance on orderly linear models of knowledge transfer from science into policy is ineffective, more precise guidance is needed for those in the scientific community interested in effectively mediating the science-policy interface to inform policy and decision-making. We examine the case of urban water management in Melbourne, Australia, which is widely regarded as a frontrunner in sustainable urban water practices. We find the prominent (interlinked) features of Melbourne's science-policy interface are actors, networks and relationships, and funding. Overall, science-policy interactions in Melbourne are highly complex and do not neatly fit into one specific theoretical model. Prominent framings of each model vary depending on context, history and time-scale. There are strong indications however that a collaborative approach is increasingly being embraced at Melbourne's water-management interface. This could be attributed to Melbourne's highly network-based science-policy culture, which facilitates strong collaboration between policy-makers and scientists. We explore how the three models of interaction identified in the literature combined with insights from Melbourne can be used to frame strategies to effectively mediate the science-policy interface. These insights increase our understandings of the science-policy interface and provide practical insights and strategies for researchers interested in effective engagement with policy communities.The 1992-1996 environmental study of Port Philip Bay (funded by Melbourne Water and managed by Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [CSIRO]) came up frequently in the interviews. This four-year (AUD$12 million) study investigated the environmental conditions of the receiving waterways and developed critical scientific knowledge. The scientific findings were translated (by CSIRO) into a simple policy recommendation: reduce nitrogen loads by 1000 tons per year (from 1993 levels), which facilitated evidence-based policy responses. The researchers engaged in the study cooperated with industry and policy stakeholders, which facilitated confidence in the research and acceptance of the results. The policy environment was sympathetic to the research as there was strong alignment with the interests of the Environmental Protection Agency and The Department of Sustainability and Environment at the time.8enPublisher Copyright: © 2018 Elsevier Ltdco-productionpolicy-pullScience-policy interfacescience-pushsustainable urban water management2018-02-1010.1016/j.envsci.2018.02.00185041501747