Yang, Qing-ShengQin, Qing HuaMa, Lian-HuaLu, Xu-ZhiCui, Cai-Qin2015-12-100167-6636http://hdl.handle.net/1885/60042Many synthetic and natural media which are often described as multifunctional smart materials demonstrate thermo-electro-chemo-mechanical coupling behavior and are sensitive to external environmental stimuli. This paper presents a set of basic equations,Keywords: Basic equations; Biological tissues; Chemical effect; Chemo-mechanical couplings; Coupled equation; Coupled phenomena; Elastic behavior; Elastic media; Electric flow; Environmental stimuli; Finite element formulations; Finite element procedure; Free energ Biological tissues; Chemo-mechanical coupling; Hydration media; Multi-physical fields; Polymers; Thermo-electro-chemo-mechanical coupling; Variational principle201010.1016/j.mechmat.2009.10.0032016-02-24