Sheng, YuBall, V. EldonErickson, KennethMesonada, Carlos San Juan2025-06-302025-06-300895-562XORCID:/0000-0002-8467-6213/work/173374580http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85138718530&partnerID=8YFLogxKhttps://hdl.handle.net/1885/733765703Using a newly constructed panel dataset for agriculture in 17 OECD countries over the 1973–2011 period, we investigate the role of capital deepening in affecting agricultural TFP growth and the convergence of relative TFP levels across countries with different relative factor endowments. Our results show that capital deepening contributes positively to agricultural productivity growth among countries with similar levels of land relative to labor as reflected in relative prices. Depending on the relative endowments of land to labor, countries with relatively more abundant land are more likely to achieve technological gains through capital deepening than countries with relatively more labor. This finding is consistent with Hayami and Ruttan (1970a) and provides supportive evidence for the induced innovation hypothesis.We acknowledge the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (71873005, 7217030224), the ACIAR (ref: ADP-2017-024), Gates and Melinda Foundation. We also show our great thanks to Cecillia Pop, Wulong Gu and others for providing the supplementary data, to Dimitris Diakosavvas and the OECD workshop for the comments, and Ms Moyu Chen and Ms Xingshuo Liu for their research assistance work. We also thank the financial support of NSFC (Ref. No. 71873005 & No. 72173006) and ACIAR project (Ref. No. ADP-2017-024) and National Social Science Fundation (Ref. No. 21&ZD092), as well as the financial support from the Instituto de Estudios Fiscales (Spain) project (Ref. No. 2018/00389/001) and the University Carlos III of Madrid Project (Ref. No. 2009/00426/002). All errors belong to authors.18enPublisher Copyright: © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.Agricultural TFPCapital deepeningCross-country productivity convergenceD24Induced innovation hypothesisO13O332022-09-2410.1007/s11123-022-00646-z85138718530