Beilharz, THHumphreys, David TPreiss, Thomas2015-12-109783642031021http://hdl.handle.net/1885/52779A flurry of recent studies, carried out primarily in transfected cells or in vitro translation systems, have attempted to reveal the molecular means by which animal microRNAs (miRNAs) attenuate mRNA translation. Despite these intense efforts it has not yet been possible to derive a consensus model for such a mechanism. Here we summarise our own experimental contributions to this topic, which led us to propose that miRNAs control early translation initiation by affecting eukaryotic initiation factor 4E/cap structure and poly(A) tail function, and place them in a current context of this rapidly moving and challenging field.Keywords: messenger RNA; microRNA; animal; biological model; chemistry; conformation; genetics; metabolism; review; RNA translation; Animals; MicroRNAs; Models, Genetic; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Peptide Chain Initiation, Translational; RNA, Messenger201010.1007/978-3-642-03103-82016-02-24