Sub-bureaucratic government in Shandong c.1550-1600
| dc.contributor.author | Littrup, Leif | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2017-09-27T04:05:57Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2017-09-27T04:05:57Z | |
| dc.date.copyright | 1977 | |
| dc.date.issued | 1977 | |
| dc.date.updated | 2017-09-08T02:20:57Z | |
| dc.description.abstract | This thesis investigates the development of the local selfgovernment organizations of Shandong Province, with particular reference to Jinan Prefecture, in the second half of the sixteenth century. It is mainly based on contemporary documents and also on other information included in the earliest available gazetteers for each subprefecture and district of Jinan. The most important local self-government organization was the li-jia which during this period was no longer organized strictly according to the number of households. The duties performed in the li-jia were regarded as corvee and the li-jia was also closely connected with the conscription of other corvee and the levy of taxes. The li-jia, together with the local self-government position of tax collector (da-hu), was around 1550 still a very active part of the fiscal administration of the province. Later reforms increased reliance upon the more capable persons in local self-government and also increased the involvement of officials in the levy of taxes and corvee. The li-leaders were conscripted from wealthy households, and as such households were also conscripted to the heaviest duties in other corvee this in effect amounted to a progressive taxation upon them and consequently to increased tax fraud by them. The result was that the households registered as the wealthiest and thus selected as leaders in the local self-government system were no longer in fact the wealthiest and most powerful households. Reforms in the tax and corvee system were directed towards eliminating this progressive taxation and its bad effects by a uniform or greatly simplified system of levy called the Single Whip. This reform was probably introduced in most districts of Jinan by the turn of the century. At the same time the involvement of the local self government system in fiscal administration was greatly reduced. The non-fiscal functions of the local self-government system had previously been performed by li-elders. These still existed but their role had changed to become predominantly fiscal. The second half of the sixteenth century saw a growing interest in strengthening the non-fiscal side of local self-government. The li-jia was no longer suitable as a unit for this function so various other organizations such as the bao-jia and xiang-yue were created. They were established in many districts of Jinan, particularly after 1587, for all kinds of non-fiscal duties, not least for the organization of welfare granaries. There are signs that these new institutions were drawn into fiscal work. However they do not appear to have functioned for more than a few years. | en_AU |
| dc.format.extent | 1 v. | |
| dc.identifier.other | b1173404 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/1885/128770 | |
| dc.language.iso | en | en_AU |
| dc.subject.lcsh | Local government China Shandong Sheng | |
| dc.subject.lcsh | China History Ming dynasty, 1368-1644 | |
| dc.subject.lcsh | Shandong Sheng (China) Politics and government | |
| dc.title | Sub-bureaucratic government in Shandong c.1550-1600 | en_AU |
| dc.type | Thesis (PhD) | en_AU |
| dcterms.valid | 1977 | en_AU |
| local.contributor.supervisor | Rachewiltz, Igor de | |
| local.contributor.supervisor | Wu, Chi-hua | |
| local.description.notes | Thesis (Ph.D.)--Australian National University, 1977. This thesis has been made available through exception 200AB to the Copyright Act. | en_AU |
| local.identifier.doi | 10.25911/5d7395bd6b8f2 | |
| local.identifier.proquest | Yes | |
| local.mintdoi | mint | |
| local.type.degree | Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) | en_AU |
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