Revisiting ‘Merantau’: A Study on Gender Dynamics among Indonesian Diasporas

Abstract

Merantau, traditionally a practice for the Minangkabau men to seek opportunities beyond their matrilineal society, represents a deeply gendered migration experience. Rooted in the enculturation process of Minangkabau males, merantau embodies hegemonic masculinity, where men are expected to assert independence, ambition, and economic success. While historically focused on male mobility, modern interpretations of merantau encompass a broader range of migration experiences, including those of women, challenging traditional gender roles within diaspora communities. This study adopts a qualitative approach, drawing on semi-structured interviews with Indonesian diasporas in Canberra and analysis of diaspora-produced literature. Fieldwork conducted in October 2024 highlights how Indonesian men and women in Australia negotiate and renegotiate their gender roles within both professional and domestic spheres. The findings reveal that Indonesian women are increasingly embracing leadership and decision-making roles, reflecting shifts in gender dynamics. However, the persistence of hegemonic masculinity is evident, as men’s domestic contributions are continuously perceived as sacrifices, and they strive to maintain their identity as primary breadwinners. Enculturation within the Indonesian diaspora ensures the preservation of traditional values, yet it also fosters an environment where gender roles are continuously negotiated. This study underscores the complexity of gender negotiations within the Indonesian diaspora, as women assert greater agency and men adapt to evolving domestic expectations. The research amplifies the voices of Indonesian migrants in Australia, contributing to a nuanced understanding of migration, identity, and gender in a transnational context, while highlighting the ongoing influence of cultural heritage in shaping gendered experiences of migration. Show more