Two roads to two sexes: unifying gamete competition and gamete limitation in a single model of anisogamy evolution

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dc.contributor.authorKokko, Hanna
dc.contributor.authorLehtonen, Jussi
dc.date.accessioned2015-12-10T23:06:00Z
dc.date.issued2010
dc.date.updated2016-02-24T08:32:04Z
dc.description.abstractRecent studies have revealed the importance of self-consistency in evolutionary models, particularly in the context of male-female interactions. This has been largely ignored in models of the ancestral divergence of the sexes, i. e., the evolution of anisogamy. Here, we model the evolution of anisogamy in a Fisher-consistent context, explicitly taking into account the number of interacting individuals in a typical reproductive group. We reveal an interaction between the number of adult individuals in the local mating group and the selection pressures responsible for the divergence of the sexes. The same underlying model can produce anisogamy in two different ways. Gamete competition can lead to anisogamy when it is relatively easy for gametes to find each other, but when this is more difficult and gamete competition is absent, gamete limitation can provide another route for anisogamy to evolve. In line with earlier models, organismal complexity favors anisogamy. We argue that the early contributions of Kalmus and Scudo, largely dismissed as group selectionist, are valid under certain conditions. Linking their work with the contributions of Parker helps to explain why precisely males keep producing more sperm than can ever lead to offspring: sperm could evolve to provision zygotes but this brings little profit for the effort required, because sperm would have to be equipped with provisioning ability before it is known which sperm will make it to the fertilization stage. This insight creates a logical link between paternal care under uncertain paternity (where again investment is selected against when some investment never brings about genetic benefits) and gamete size evolution.
dc.identifier.issn0340-5443
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1885/62595
dc.publisherSpringer
dc.sourceBehavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
dc.subjectKeywords: evolutionary biology; fertilization (reproduction); parental care; paternity; reproductive biology; sex role; sperm Anisogamy; Parental care; Sex roles; Sperm competition
dc.titleTwo roads to two sexes: unifying gamete competition and gamete limitation in a single model of anisogamy evolution
dc.typeJournal article
local.bibliographicCitation.startpageonline
local.contributor.affiliationKokko, Hanna, College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, ANU
local.contributor.affiliationLehtonen, Jussi, College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, ANU
local.contributor.authoremailrepository.admin@anu.edu.au
local.contributor.authoruidKokko, Hanna, u4787851
local.contributor.authoruidLehtonen, Jussi, u4949525
local.description.embargo2037-12-31
local.description.notesImported from ARIES
local.identifier.absfor060308 - Life Histories
local.identifier.absseo970106 - Expanding Knowledge in the Biological Sciences
local.identifier.absseo960808 - Marine Flora, Fauna and Biodiversity
local.identifier.ariespublicationf2965xPUB715
local.identifier.doi10.1007/s00265-010-1116-8
local.identifier.scopusID2-s2.0-79951549355
local.identifier.thomsonID000287320900004
local.identifier.uidSubmittedByf2965
local.type.statusPublished Version

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