The Age of the 20 Meter Solo River Terrace, Java, Indonesia and the Survival of Homo erectus in Asia

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dc.contributor.authorIndriati, Etty
dc.contributor.authorSwisher, Carl C.
dc.contributor.authorLepre, Christopher
dc.contributor.authorQuinn, Rhonda L.
dc.contributor.authorSuriyanto, Rusyad A.
dc.contributor.authorHascaryo, Agus T.
dc.contributor.authorGrün, Rainer
dc.contributor.authorFeibel, Craig S.
dc.contributor.authorPobiner, Briana L.
dc.contributor.authorAubert, Maxime
dc.contributor.authorLees, Wendy
dc.contributor.authorAntón, Susan C.
dc.date.accessioned2015-11-27T03:55:06Z
dc.date.available2015-11-27T03:55:06Z
dc.date.issued2011-06-29
dc.date.updated2015-12-10T11:53:19Z
dc.description.abstractHomo erectus was the first human lineage to disperse widely throughout the Old World, the only hominin in Asia through much of the Pleistocene, and was likely ancestral to H. sapiens. The demise of this taxon remains obscure because of uncertainties regarding the geological age of its youngest populations. In 1996, some of us co-published electron spin resonance (ESR) and uranium series (U-series) results indicating an age as young as 35-50 ka for the late H. erectus sites of Ngandong and Sambungmacan and the faunal site of Jigar (Indonesia). If correct, these ages favor an African origin for recent humans who would overlap with H. erectus in time and space. Here, we report (40)Ar/(39)Ar incremental heating analyses and new ESR/U-series age estimates from the "20 m terrace" at Ngandong and Jigar. Both data sets are internally consistent and provide no evidence for reworking, yet they are inconsistent with one another. The (40)Ar/(39)Ar analyses give an average age of 546±12 ka (sd±5 se) for both sites, the first reliable radiometric indications of a middle Pleistocene component for the terrace. Given the technical accuracy and consistency of the analyses, the argon ages represent either the actual age or the maximum age for the terrace and are significantly older than previous estimates. Most of the ESR/U-series results are older as well, but the oldest that meets all modeling criteria is 143 ka+20/-17. Most samples indicated leaching of uranium and likely represent either the actual or the minimum age of the terrace. Given known sources of error, the U-series results could be consistent with a middle Pleistocene age. However, the ESR and (40)Ar/(39)Ar ages preclude one another. Regardless, the age of the sites and hominins is at least bracketed between these estimates and is older than currently accepted.
dc.description.sponsorshipThe project was funded by the U.S. NSF BCS 0317292 to SCA, an AAAS WISC program grant to EI and SCA, and a UGM sabbatical grant to EI. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.en_AU
dc.identifier.issn1932-6203en_AU
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1885/16874
dc.publisherPublic Library of Science
dc.rights© 2011 Indriati et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
dc.sourcePLoS ONE
dc.subjectanimals
dc.subjectargon
dc.subjectelectron spin resonance spectroscopy
dc.subjecthumans
dc.subjectindonesia
dc.subjectrivers
dc.subjecthominidae
dc.titleThe Age of the 20 Meter Solo River Terrace, Java, Indonesia and the Survival of Homo erectus in Asia
dc.typeJournal article
local.bibliographicCitation.issue6en_AU
local.bibliographicCitation.lastpage10
local.bibliographicCitation.startpagee21562en_AU
local.contributor.affiliationIndriati, Etty, Gadjah Mada University, Indonesiaen_AU
local.contributor.affiliationSwisher, Carl C., Rutgers University, United States of Americaen_AU
local.contributor.affiliationLepre, Christopher, Rutgers University, United States of Americaen_AU
local.contributor.affiliationQuinn, Rhonda L, Rutgers University, United States of Americaen_AU
local.contributor.affiliationSuriyanto, Rusyad, Gadjah Mada University, Indonesiaen_AU
local.contributor.affiliationHascaryo, Agus, Gadjah Mada University, Indonesiaen_AU
local.contributor.affiliationGrun, Rainer, College of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, CPMS Research School of Earth Sciences, RSES General, The Australian National Universityen_AU
local.contributor.affiliationFeibel, Craig, Rutgers University, United States of Americaen_AU
local.contributor.affiliationPobiner, Briana, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, United States of Americaen_AU
local.contributor.affiliationAubert, Maxime, College of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, CPMS Research School of Earth Sciences, RSES General, The Australian National Universityen_AU
local.contributor.affiliationLees, Wendy, College of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, CPMS Research School of Earth Sciences, RSES General, The Australian National Universityen_AU
local.contributor.affiliationAnton, Susan C, New York University, United States of Americaen_AU
local.contributor.authoruidGrun, Rainer, u9201753
local.contributor.authoruidAubert, Maxime, u4328276
local.contributor.authoruidLees, Wendy, u4387559
local.description.notesImported from ARIESen_AU
local.identifier.absfor210104en_AU
local.identifier.absfor040303en_AU
local.identifier.absseo950502en_AU
local.identifier.ariespublicationf2965xPUB2220en_AU
local.identifier.citationvolume6en_AU
local.identifier.doi10.1371/journal.pone.0021562en_AU
local.identifier.essn1932-6203en_AU
local.identifier.scopusID2-s2.0-79959630414
local.identifier.thomsonID000292290100039
local.identifier.uidSubmittedByu3488905en_AU
local.type.statusPublished Versionen_AU

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