The Chinese colonization of Tongking, first century AD to sixth century AD

Abstract

In 111 BC Emperor Wu of the Former Han dynasty conquered the independent kingdom of Nan-yüeh which was based in the Kuangtung region of modern China and extended south to include Tongking in northern Vietnam. After Wu-ti's conquest, Nan-yüeh was divided into 9 commanderies, one of which - Chiao-chih - was to administer Tongking. This was the beginning of a political and cultural in Tongking which was to last for more than a thousand years. It was the beginning of a long historical and cultural process which eventually produced the Vietnamese state, fiercely independent but culturally orientated towards China. Show more