Development of a sensitive picrate method to determine total cyanide and acetone cyanohydrin contents of gari from cassava

Abstract

The sensitivity of the normal picrate method for determination of total cyanide in cassava was increased tenfold using a small 1 cm2 picrate paper, eluted using 0.5 mL instead of 5 mL of water as in the normal method. The absorbance was measured in a 2 mm cuvette in the spectrophotometer. The sensitive method was calibrated against the normal picrate method. The total cyanide content in mg HCN equivalents/kg sample = ppm, is calculated from the absorbance (A) by the equation ppm = A × 45.7 which is applicable from 0.1 to 50 ppm. A new method to determine acetone cyanohydrin was developed based on irreversible denaturation of linamarase in 0.1 M HCl at 30 °C for 1 h. Five gari samples from Mozambique gave a mean total cyanide content of 12 ppm (range 6-15 ppm) and mean acetone cyanohydrin content of 11 ppm (range 5-14 ppm). Acetone cyanohydrin liberates cyanide quantitatively in the human intestine.