A reappraisal of the solar photospheric C/O ratio

Abstract

An accurate determination of photospheric solar abundances requires detailed modeling of the solar granulation and accounting for departures from local thermodynamical equilibrium (LTE). We argue that the forbidden C i line at 8727 A° is largely immune to departures from LTE and can be realistically modeled using LTE radiative transfer in a time-dependent three-dimensional simulation of solar surface convection. We analyze the [C i] line in the solar flux spectrum to derive the abundance log e(C) = 8.39 ± 0.04 dex. Combining this result with our parallel analysis of [O i] λ6300, we find C/O = 0.50 ± 0.07, in agreement with the ratios measured in the solar corona from gamma-ray spectroscopy and solar energetic particles.