Optical entanglement of co-propagating modes

Abstract

Optical entanglement is a key requirement for many quantum communication protocols. Conventionally, entanglement is formed between two distinct beams, with the quantum correlation measurements being performed at separate locations. Such setups can be complicated, requiring the repeated combination of complex resources, a task that becomes increasingly difficult as the number of entangled information channels, or modes, increases. We pave the way towards the realization of optical multimode quantum information systems by showing continuous variable entanglement between two spatial modes within one beam. Our technique is a major advance towards practical systems with minimum complexity. We demonstrate three major experimental achievements. First, only one source is required to produce squeezed light in two orthogonal spatial modes. Second, entanglement is formed through lenses and beam rotation, without the need for a beamsplitter. Finally, quantum correlations are measured directly and simultaneously using a multipixel quadrant detector.