Dark solitons in nonlinear media with arbitrary degree of nonlocality

Abstract

Spatial dark optical solitons are localized light intensity dips in the infinite constant background [1]. They exist as a result of a balance between diffraction and nonlinearity of the medium. In recent years there has been strong interest in the so-called nonlocal nonlinearities, in which the nonlinearity in a particular spatial location is determined by the light intensity in a certain neighborhood of this location.