East Java labour force participation : dimensions and changing employment patterns 1971-1980 and labour force project to 2000

Abstract

This study explores labour force participation in East Java over the period 1971 to 1980. Using the 1971 and 1980 census data, structural transformation is observed through changes in age-sex This study explores labour force participation in East Java over the period 1971 to 1980. Using the 1971 and 1980 census data, structural transformation is observed through changes in age-sex participation participation rates for the urban and rural labour force industrial and occupational composition of the labour force. The growth of the various components of the labour force in the period is examined in relation to socio-demographic factors, including education and marital status. Structural transformation in the labour force is revealed by the movement of the workers out of agricultural occupation to non agricultural occupations. The female labour force was particularly affected by this movement over the period, as reflected in participation rates and absolute numbers. Future labour force participation is projected to the year 2000, based on the 1971 and 1980 trend. The indirect extrapolation method is used to project the 1980-2000 participation rates. The population projections assumed high and low fertility, Speare and 1980 census assumptions in respect of net migration and one mortality assumption for all projections. The results indicate that the varying population components did not make much difference. The labour force will continue to increase substantially.