A review of infrared and Raman spectroscopy in the geosciences

Abstract

Spectroscopy detects the interaction of radiation with matter. Infrared spectroscopy is sensitive to molecular vibrations and electronic transitions, and Raman spectroscopy is sensitive to changes in molecular polarizability. Both methods are rapid and non-destructive, and used to study (bio) geologic materials including coal, clays, biominerals; films; minerals, glasses, and fluid inclusions; liquids; and gases. Laboratory IR and Raman spectra are used to probe powders, and map and effectively characterize grains (micro- to nano-sized), and samples under controlled environments. Remote and field spectra are valuable for identifying and mapping geologic mixtures; biogeologic materials; atmospheric gases and dust, and ices. Show more